REFERENCES

1. JARDIANCE® Malaysia Prescribing Information.
2. Herrington WG, Staplin N, Wanner C, et al. EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative Group. Empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(2):117-127. (EMPA-KIDNEY results and the publication's Supplementary Appendix.)
3. Packer M, Anker SD, Butler J, et al; EMPEROR-Reduced Trial Investigators. Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with empagliflozin in heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(15):1413-1424. (EMPEROR-Reduced results and the publication's Supplementary Appendix.)
4. Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G, et al; EMPEROR-Preserved Trial Investigators. Empagliflozin in heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(16):1451-1461. (EMPEROR-Preserved results and the publication's Supplementary Appendix.)
5. Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM, et al; EMPA-REG OUTCOME Investigators. Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(22):2117-2128. (EMPA-REG OUTCOME® results and the publication's Supplementary Appendix.)

Footnotes:

*In the EMPA-KIDNEY trial, a randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 6609 patients with CKD, the efficacy and safety of JARDIANCE 10 mg (n=3304) were evaluated vs placebo (n=3305). The primary endpoint in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial was a composite of CV death or progression of kidney disease. Patients treated with JARDIANCE experienced a 28% RRR in this endpoint (HR=0.72; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.82; p<0.001).²

^†In the EMPEROR-Reduced trial, a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study of 3730 patients with HFrEF, the efficacy and safety of JARDIANCE 10 mg (n=1863) were evaluated vs placebo (n=1867). Patients were adults with chronic heart failure (NYHA class II, III, or IV) and reduced ejection fraction (LVEF ≤ 40%). The primary endpoint in the EMPEROR-Reduced trial was a composite of CV death or HHF, analysed as time to the first event. Patients treated with JARDIANCE experienced a 25% RRR in this endpoint (HR=0.75; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.86; p<0.001). In the EMPEROR-Preserved trial, a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study of 5988 patients with HFpEF, the efficacy and safety of JARDIANCE 10 mg (n=2997) were evaluated vs placebo (n=2991). Patients were adults with chronic heart failure (NYHA class II, III, or IV) and preserved ejection fraction (LVEF > 40%). The primary endpoint in the EMPEROR-Preserved trial was a composite of CV death or HHF, analysed as time to the first event. Patients treated with JARDIANCE experienced a 21% RRR in this endpoint (HR=0.79; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.90; p<0.001).^3,4

^‡The primary composite outcome in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME® trial was 3-point MACE, composed of death from CV causes, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke, as analysed in the pooled JARDIANCE group vs the placebo group. Patients were adults with insufficiently controlled T2D and CAD, PAD, or a history of MI or stroke. The 14% RRR in 3-point MACE (HR=0.86; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.99; p<0.001 for noninferiority; p=0.04 for superiority) was driven by a reduction in the risk of CV death (HR=0.62; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.77).⁵

CAD=coronary artery disease; CI=confidence interval; CKD=chronic kidney disease; CV=cardiovascular; CVD=cardiovascular disease; 
HF=heart failure; HFpEF=heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF=heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HR=hazard ratio; LVEF=left ventricular ejection fraction; MACE=major adverse cardiovascular events; MI-myocardial infarction; NYHA=New York Heart Association; PAD=peripheral artery disease; RRR=relative risk reduction; T2D=type 2 diabetes.